ABSTRACT Background: Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WLWH) are more likely to be infected with the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). We assessed the prevalence of high-risk (HR) (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/82), probable high-risk (pHR) (26/53/66), and low-risk (LR) (6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/70) HPV types and their associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study of WLWH aged 18-64 years included one laboratory and eight HIV-specialty healthcare facilities in the pilot network. Descriptive statistics were used to assess sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Adjusted analyses were conducted to evaluate risk factors associated with HR and/or pHR HPV infection in WLWH. Results: From May/2021 to May/2022, 1,914 (92.5%) WLWH participated in the pilot study and had valid HPV-DNA results of self-collected vaginal samples. The median age of the participants was 45 years, 60.1% had ≥ 9 years of schooling, 80.5% were ≤ 18 years at first sexual intercourse, and 51.7% had > 4 sexual partners throughout life. The prevalence of any HPV type, HR HPV, pHR HPV, and LR HPV was 65.8%, 49.6%, 16.7%, and 40.0%, respectively. Age was inversely associated with pHR and/or HR-HPV (p < 0.001), and education level was inversely associated with HR-HPV (p = 0.003) types. Any HR or pHR was associated with being single (p = 0.029) and exchanging sex for drugs (p = 0.037). Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV, especially HR HPV, among WLWH is high in Brazil, highlighting the need for HPV screening in this population. Self-collection of vaginal samples is an important strategy for increasing testing access.

Resumo Introdução A pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, iniciada em dezembro de 2019, foi declarada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) como emergência de saúde pública internacional em janeiro de 2020, com impacto sobre o acesso a serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva para as mulheres. Objetivo Discutir a contracepção no contexto pandêmico, a partir das políticas públicas vigentes e do cenário mundial e brasileiro. Método Trata-se de um artigo de opinião, onde se descreve as barreiras e possíveis soluções para o acesso à assistência de saúde sexual e reprodutiva qualificada para as mulheres. Resultados Explorou-se temas relevantes como: mudança na logística dos serviços, redução do número de consultas, dificuldade na importação de contraceptivos, falta de profissionais capacitados, burocratização do acesso a métodos contraceptivos. O uso da telemedicina e o fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde são consideradas estratégias para garantia do acesso e modificação da realidade das mulheres. Conclusão Faz-se necessário nesse contexto, a manutenção das ações dos serviços de planejamento sexual e reprodutivo para prevenir agravos provenientes de gestações não planejadas e aumento na morbimortalidade materna.

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which started in December 2019, was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an international public health emergency in January 2020, with an impact on access to sexual and reproductive health services for women. Objective To discuss contraception in the pandemic context, based on current public policies and the world and Brazilian scenario. Method This is an opinion article, which describes the barriers and possible solutions for access to qualified sexual and reproductive health care for women. Results Relevant topics were explored, such as: the change in the logistics of services, the reduction in the number of consultations, the difficulty in importing contraceptives, the lack of trained professionals, and the bureaucratization of access to contraceptives methods. The use of telemedicine and the strengthening of Primary Health Care are considered strategies to guarantee access and change the reality of women. Conclusion In this context, it is necessary to maintain the actions of sexual and reproductive planning services to prevent injuries from unplanned pregnancies and increase maternal morbidity and mortality.

Resumo Introdução A pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, iniciada em dezembro de 2019, foi declarada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) como emergência de saúde pública internacional em janeiro de 2020, com impacto sobre o acesso a serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva para as mulheres. Objetivo Discutir a contracepção no contexto pandêmico, a partir das políticas públicas vigentes e do cenário mundial e brasileiro. Método Trata-se de um artigo de opinião, onde se descreve as barreiras e possíveis soluções para o acesso à assistência de saúde sexual e reprodutiva qualificada para as mulheres. Resultados Explorou-se temas relevantes como: mudança na logística dos serviços, redução do número de consultas, dificuldade na importação de contraceptivos, falta de profissionais capacitados, burocratização do acesso a métodos contraceptivos. O uso da telemedicina e o fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde são consideradas estratégias para garantia do acesso e modificação da realidade das mulheres. Conclusão Faz-se necessário nesse contexto, a manutenção das ações dos serviços de planejamento sexual e reprodutivo para prevenir agravos provenientes de gestações não planejadas e aumento na morbimortalidade materna.

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which started in December 2019, was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an international public health emergency in January 2020, with an impact on access to sexual and reproductive health services for women. Objective To discuss contraception in the pandemic context, based on current public policies and the world and Brazilian scenario. Method This is an opinion article, which describes the barriers and possible solutions for access to qualified sexual and reproductive health care for women. Results Relevant topics were explored, such as: the change in the logistics of services, the reduction in the number of consultations, the difficulty in importing contraceptives, the lack of trained professionals, and the bureaucratization of access to contraceptives methods. The use of telemedicine and the strengthening of Primary Health Care are considered strategies to guarantee access and change the reality of women. Conclusion In this context, it is necessary to maintain the actions of sexual and reproductive planning services to prevent injuries from unplanned pregnancies and increase maternal morbidity and mortality.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a adesão à dupla contracepção entre mulheres infectadas pelo HIV usando acetato de medroxiprogesterona de depósito (AMPD) e condom.MÉTODOS: Corte transversal realizado em centro de referência de dezembro 2013 a setembro 2014. Entrevistadas 114 mulheres HIV (+), 15 a 49 anos, em uso de AMPD e condom para contracepção, aplicando questionário clínico epidemiológico, construído após painel Delphi e validação de conteúdo.RESULTADOS: As médias foram de 33,2±7,2 anos de idade, 8,1±5,2 anos de detecção do HIV, 6,8±5 anos de uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV) e 737,6±341,1 células CD4/mm3. Adquiriram HIV pelo sexo 98,2% (112/114). Identificadas 85,9% (98/114) usuárias de TARV e 77,7% (84/114) com CD4>500/mm3. Relato de parceria fixa em 78,9% (90/114), havendo sorodiscordância para HIV em 41,2% (47/114), status sorológico do parceiro desconhecido em 21,9% e o parceiro desconhece que era infectada em 37,7% (43/114). Última gestação não planejada referida por 71,9% (82/114). Engravidaram no último ano 14,9%, sendo 70,5% (12/17) não planejadas. Relato de uso atual de AMPD em 64,9% (74/114) com sangramento genital em 48,2% (55/114) e ganho de peso em 67,5% (77/114). O uso de condom masculino foi referido por 62,2% (71/114). Três usuárias de condom feminino sempre e dez eventualmente. Tinham sexo desprotegido vaginal 37,7% (43/114) e anal, 32,4% (37/114). Relato de resistência do parceiro para usar preservativo em 30,7% (35/114). A dupla contracepção com AMPD e condom foi relatada por 42,9% (49/114). Resistência do parceiro para usar condom foi associada com má adesão (RP=0,3; IC95% 0,2-0,7; p<0,001). Parceiro desconhecer a infecção da parceira pelo HIV favoreceu a adesão (RP=1,8; IC95% 1,2-2,7; p=0,013).CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, adesão à dupla contracepção com AMPD e condomfoi de 42,9%, mantendo gestações não planejadas e sexo desprotegido. Resistência do parceiro para usar condom aumenta três vezes a chance de a mulher não aderir à dupla proteção e parceiro desconhecer a infecção da mulher quase duplica a chance de ela aderir. Metas: ampliar oferta de novos contraceptivos e envolver parceiros na contracepção e testagem.

PURPOSE: To determine adherence to dual contraception using depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and condom among HIV-infected women.METHODS: A cross-sectional study carried out from December 2013 to September 2014 at a local reference center, with application of questionnaire elaborated after Delphi panel and content validation to 114 HIV(+) women aged 15 to 49 years, using DMPA plus condom for contraception.RESULTS: Mean age was 33.2±7.2 years, mean time since HIV detection was 8.1±5.2 years, mean time of antiretroviral use was 6.8±5 years and mean CD4 cells/mm3 count was 737.6±341.1. Sexual HIV acquisition was reported by 98.2% (112/114), antiretroviral use by 85.9% (98/114), and 77.7% (84/114) had a CD4>500/mm3 count. Having a single sex partner was reported by 78.9% (90/114), with HIV serodiscordance in 41.2% (47/114) of couples, 21.9% did not know the serological status of their partner and in 37.7% of cases (43/114) the partner was unaware of the HIV(+) status of the woman. The last pregnancy was unplanned in 71.9% of cases (82/114) and 14.9% of the women had become pregnant the year before, with pregnancy being unplanned in 70.5% (12/17) of cases. Current use of DMPA was reported by 64.9% (74/114), with genital bleeding in 48.2% (55/114) and weight gain in 67.5% (77/114). Use of a male condom was reported by 62.2% of the subjects (71/114). Three reported that they always used a female condom and ten that they eventually used it. Unprotected vaginal sex was reported by 37.7% (43/114) and unprotected anal intercourse was reported by 32.4% (37/114). Partner resistance to use a condom occurred in 30.7% of cases (35/114). Dual contraception using DMPA with condom was reported by 42.9% (49/114). A partner who resisted wearing a condom was associated with poor adhesion (PR=0.3; 95%CI 0.2-0.7; p<0.001). A partner who was unaware that a woman was infected with HIV favored adherence (PR=1.8; 95%CI 1.2-2.7; p=0.013).CONCLUSION: The percentage of dual contraception using DMPA plus condom was 42.9%, maintaining unplanned pregnancies and unprotected sex. Resistance of partners to use a condom increased three times the chance of a woman not adhering to dual contraception, and the partner not knowing women's HIV infection almost doubled the chance to adhere to safe contraception. Goals: to offer new hormonal contraceptives and to involve the partners in contraception and serologic detection tests.

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and associated risk factors in HIV-infected pregnant women followed for prenatal care in Salvador, Bahia. This was a cross-sectional study of 63 women seeking prenatal care at a reference center. Participants were interviewed regarding socio-epidemiological and clinical history, and were tested for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti HTLV I/II, VDRL, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, CD4 count, and HIV plasma viral load. The main outcome variable was the presence of any STI. The mean age of patients was 28.2 years (16-40 years). 23 (36.5%) were diagnosed with at least one STI. The frequency of diagnoses was: HBV, 3.2%; HCV, 8.1%; HTLV I/II, 3.4%; syphilis, 9.5%; Chlamydia trachomatis, 11.1%; HPV, 15.0%; Mycoplasma hominis, 2.1%, and Ureaplasma urealyticum, 2.1%. No case of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was identified. No association was found between socio-epidemiological variables and the presence of an STI. CD4 T lymphocyte < 500 cells/µl (p = 0.047) and plasma viral load >1,000 copies (p = 0.027) were associated with the presence of sti. stis are frequent in pregnant women infected with hiv, and all hiv-infected pregnant women should be screened to decrease transmission of these pathogens and to protect their own health.